Structures of Equality book coming summer 2026!

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Practical Ideas for Elementary Math Teachers

Classroom-tested strategies for word problems, number sense, and making math meaningful.

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The Concrete Representational Abstract (CRA) approach in mathematics allows all students to access content and gain deep understanding. Given that many students struggle with comprehension, particularly in number stories, let’s explore how to teach story problems using CRA. One reason students are successful when they use Structures of Equality is because it effectively integrates all […]

May 8, 2024

CRA and SoE: how to teach story problems

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Venn diagram of the concrete, representational, and abstract stages of the CRA framework in math
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What is CRA and what does it look like in early math classrooms? Explore best practices for this approach.

May 1, 2024

Understanding the CRA framework in early math

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The idea of fewer is a difficult concept to understand. There are lots of reasons why, like you can’t actually see fewer. No wonder it’s a challenging idea for students!

April 24, 2024

Teaching fewer in math: sense-making with visual representations

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Jasmin, a 4th grade teacher from Durham, NC, shares the highs and lows with implementing Structures of Equality in her classroom. You don’t want to miss this interview.

April 17, 2024

Tales of a Fourth Grade Teacher: Using SoE to Help Students with Math Number Stories

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The idea of acting out a story problem is probably not new to you. For years, I’ve heard people say “Act it out.” But no one ever told me how to solve a story problem this way. Today, we’ll talk about how to use this strategy effectively and how to connect it to the use […]

April 10, 2024

How to solve a story problem by acting it out and using models

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It’s that time of year. If you haven’t already heard people talking about end-of-the-year standardized tests and math test prep, those conversations will be picking up soon. The most common question I hear is “How can I get my kids ready for the test?” Today we’ll talk about some effective strategies to make sure your […]

April 3, 2024

Math test prep: how can I get my kids ready for the test?

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Updated June 10, 2026 What is subitizing? Have you ever noticed how quickly you can recognize the number of fingers someone is holding up? Or how many dots there are on a die? That’s subitizing (soo-bi-tiz-ing)! And it’s a critical foundational skill to build number sense.  When students internalize that numbers are composed of other […]

March 27, 2024

What is subitizing and why is it important?

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When a student can read a word problem but can’t solve it, the issue often isn’t reading. It’s an underdeveloped number concept, and here’s how to spot it.

March 20, 2024

Critical Learning Phases: Why Reading Comprehension Isn’t Always the Reason Students Struggle with Word Problems 

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Math and arithmetic are often used interchangeably. But there’s a difference between arithmetic and mathematics. And it impacts our practices in the classroom.

March 13, 2024

What is the difference between arithmetic and mathematics? 

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Comprehending number stories can be challenging. For students who are ELL, there’s an added layer of difficulty. But there are strategies that help.

March 6, 2024

Do your ELL students struggle with reading comprehension?

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Finding the math main idea of a number story is an important part of helping students understand what problems are asking.

February 28, 2024

The Math Main Idea: how to find the main idea of a number story

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Often it’s not a student’s ability or skill that holds them back. Fixed mindsets are prevalent and they can be really harmful. Learn how to instill a growth mindset.

February 21, 2024

Do your students lack a growth mindset with word problems in math?